- Years Active: 1985-2009
- Band Members: Lee Ranaldo, Steve Shelley, Bob Bert, Jim O'Rourke, Richard Edson, Kim Gordon, Anne DeMarinis, Thurston Moore
- Genre: Rock & Alternative
- Influenced by: The Stooges, The Godz, The Pretenders, Television, Glenn Branca, Black Flag, Wire, The Fall, Crime, The Velvet Underground
- Followed By: Desert Hearts, Lenola, Sound Team, Jasmine Love Bomb, Keito, Run On, Santa Marias, The Afghan Whigs, The Song Corporation, The VSS, Sammy, Dirty Three, Radial Spangle, St. Johnny, Dinosaur Jr., Ilium, Yatsura, The American Analog Set, Lo Magnifica, Rachel's, Versus, The Love Is So Fast, Chris Leo, Poster Children, Ain, Land of Talk, The Notwist, Crucifucks, The 90 Day Men, Golden Mile, Multiple Cat, Thinking Fellers Union Local #282, Psychic Ills, Blood on the Wall, Dark Star, Tam, Hot Rod Circuit, Ventral, Robby Grant, Medusa Cyclone, Swell, These Are Powers, Slaves, Matthew Parker, Trumans Water, Blind Idiot God, Gerling, Johnny Foreigner, Benoît Pioulard, The Chapman Family, Cinemasophia, Action Beat, Kinski, Después de Nunca, The Raymond Brake, Scarling, Restiform Bodies, Autolux, Jason Birchmeier, Beachbuggy, Gepe, Duke Spirit, Ben Marshall, Deerhunter, The Sonora Pine, Helium, No Wings Fins Or Fuselage, Slint, A Frames, The Psychic Paramount, Sore, Trans Am, June of 44, Solea, The Victoria Principle, Germans, Bellafea, Tequilajazzz, Head Like a Kite, Hall of Fame, ...And You Will Know Us by the Trail of Dead, Foo Fighters, Scandinavian Music Group, Herman Düne, Princeton Reverbs Colonial, Tortoise, The Sincerity Guild, Evanss, Susu, Pretty Girls Make Graves, Weezer, Shepherd Kings, Helmet, Martin Brummeler, Fields Lay Fallow, Danielson Famile, She's Your Sister, The Swayback, Hototgisu, Manú, Ira, Ulan Bator, Skin Yard, His Name Is Alive, Füxa, Polvo, Mile Wide, Teen Wheat, Bailter Space, Eric's Trip, Ambulance LTD, Gang Wizard, El Otro Yo, Toxina Boogie, It Hugs Back, Maudlin, The Burnouts, KaitO, Mecca Normal, Magneta Lane, Nirvana, Ui, Guv'ner, Xinlisupreme, Neutral Milk Hotel, OOIOO, Bloc Party, Venus, Travis, Bark Psychosis, John Wilkes Booze, Courtney Love, St Deluxe, Astrobrite, The Olivia Tremor Control, Black Lipstick, Seafood, Honey Is Cool, Signal to Trust, Kill Me Tomorrow, Children Collide, Hoagie Hill, Pavement, Fennesz, My Bloody Valentine, Be Your Own Pet, Rodan, Scout Niblett, Magik Markers, Hototogisu, Red Soda, 2nd Gen, Idlewild, Shoplifting, Godzuki, Magoo, The Sea Monsters, Daydream Nation, Van Pelt, Chris Opperman, Tin Machine, Blonde Redhead, The Post, Kleg, Spinnerette, Cop Shoot Cop, Don Caballero, Ash Bowie, Gutbucket, Matt Medved & The Others, The War on Drugs, Televised Crimewave, Pidgeon, Underground Railroad, 31 Knots, Mass Solo Revolt, Swervedriver, Young People, Girls Against Boys, Faceless Werewolves, Imbroco, The Grand Island, Trick Sensei, Sholi, Fluf, The Hal al Shedad, Babes in Toyland, Railroad Jerk, Schizo Fun Addict, Paul Newman, Dub Trio, Nisi Period, Marmoset, The Dead C, Deerhoof, Karate Kit, Mercury Rev, Oxford Collapse, The Wheelers, Out of Worship, Kittens for Christian, Struction, Moggs, Euphone, Kilgore, The Forms, Boxing, Xela, Wet Confetti, Boredoms, Blumfeld, Complicated Shirt, Track a Tiger, Holy Childhood, Women, SPC ECO, Barkmarket, dEUS, The Big Sleep, Love as Laughter, The Redneck Manifesto, Lucid Nation, The Dirtmitts, Mono, KVLR, Spider Virus, Sullen, What We Do Is Secret, Drowningman, Tulsa, Sybris, Blind Zero, Dananananakroyd, Teenage Fanclub, Nisennenmondai, Bunsen Honeydew, Navies, The Narrator, Muggabears, Ungdomskulen, Vietnam, Kari Wuhrer, Love of Diagrams, The Rapture, The Go! Team, D.I.O.N.I.S.I.O.S., Gogogo Airheart, Urusei Yatsura, The Lapse, The Happy Hollows, Speaker Bite Me, Q and Not U, Hood, Yo La Tengo, Dear Old Stockholm Syndrome, Future Kings of Spain, Icewater Scandal, Tall Firs, Randi Russo, Thank You, Sebadoh, Beck, Liars, Thomas Lunch, Little Claw, Magnetic Health Factory, Electrelane, My Vitriol, Short Round, Stella Luna, Je Suis France, The Diggs, Band of Susans, Libraness, Mogwai, Seam, Mo-Ho-Bish-O-Pi, Marlene Kuntz, Mother Goose, Oneida, The Swirlies, Biology, Yona-Kit, Ativin, Pagoda, Mocket, Prosser, The Sixfifteens, Corcovado, Chavez, Placebo
- Similar Artists: Bongwater, Butthole Surfers, Can, Dinosaur Jr., Eleventh Dream Day, fIREHOSE, The Flaming Lips, Hüsker Dü, The Jesus and Mary Chain, Meat Puppets, Minutemen, Mission of Burma, Bob Mould, Mudhoney, My Bloody Valentine, Nirvana, Pixies, Pussy Galore, Savage Republic, Spacemen 3, Yo La Tengo, Big Black, Half Japanese, Mercury Rev, Slint, Polvo, Royal Trux, Pavement, Cell, New Radiant Storm King, Stereolab, Beck, Tortoise, Helium, R.E.M., Blumfeld, Blonde Redhead, Fennesz, Ash Bowie, Mogwai, Libraness, Consonant, Boxing
Sonic Youth were one of the most unlikely success stories of underground American rock in the '80s. Where contemporaries R.E.M. and Hüsker Dü were fairly conventional in terms of song structure and melody, Sonic Youth began their career by abandoning any pretense of traditional rock & roll conventions. Borrowing heavily from the free-form noise experimentalism of the Velvet Underground and the Stooges, and melding it with a performance art aesthetic borrowed from the New York post-punk avant-garde, Sonic Youth redefined what noise meant within rock & roll. Sonic Youth rarely rocked, though they were inspired directly by hardcore punk, post-punk, and no wave. Instead, their dissonance, feedback, and alternate tunings created a new sonic landscape, one that redefined what rock guitar could do.
The band's trio of independent late-'80s records -- EVOL, Sister, Daydream Nation -- became touchstones for a generation of indie rockers who either replicated the noise or reinterpreted it in a more palatable setting. As their career progressed, Sonic Youth grew more palatable as well, as their more free-form songs began to feel like compositions and their shorter works began to rock harder. During the '90s, most American indie bands, and many British underground bands, displayed a heavy debt to Sonic Youth, and the group itself had become a popular cult band, with each of its albums charting in the Top 100.
Such success was unthinkable when guitarists Thurston Moore and Lee Ranaldo formed Sonic Youth with bassist Kim Gordon in 1981. Moore had spent his childhood in Bethel, CT; Ranaldo was from Long Island. Both guitarists arrived in Manhattan during the height of the New York-based post-punk no wave movement, and began performing with the avant-garde composer Glenn Branca, whose dissonant, guitar-based music provided the basis for much of Sonic Youth's early music. Moore's girlfriend Gordon had been active in the avant and no wave scenes for some time, and the pair helped stage the Noise Festival, in which the band made its live debut during the summer of 1981. At the time, Sonic Youth also featured keyboardist Anne DeMarinis and drummer Richard Edson. DeMarinis left the band shortly afterward, and the quartet recorded its eponymous debut EP, which was released on Branca's Neutral Records the following year. During 1983, Edson left the band to pursue an acting career and he was replaced by Bob Bert, who drummed on the group's debut album, Confusion Is Sex (1983). The band supported the album with its first European tour. Later that year, the group released the EP Kill Yr Idols on the German Zensor label.
Early in 1984, Moore attempted to land the band a contract with the British indie label Doublevision, but the label rejected the demos. Paul Smith, one of the owners of Doublevision, decided to form Blast First Records in order to release Sonic Youth records. Soon, he received a distribution deal from the hip U.K. indie label Rough Trade, and the band had its first label with strong distribution. During all these record label negotiations in 1984, the cassette-only live album Sonic Death: Sonic Youth Live was released on Ecstatic Peace. Bad Moon Rising, the group's first album for Blast First, was released in 1985 to strong reviews throughout the underground music press. The album was markedly different from their earlier releases -- it was the first record they made that incorporated their dissonant, feedback-drenched experimentations within relatively straightforward pop song structures. Following the release of the Death Valley '69 EP, Bert was replaced by Steve Shelley, who became the group's permanent drummer.
Bad Moon Rising had attracted significant attention throughout the American underground, including some offers from major labels. Instead, Sonic Youth decided to sign with SST, home of Hüsker Dü and Black Flag, releasing EVOL in 1986. With EVOL, the group a became fixture on college radio, and its status grew significantly with 1987's Sister, which was heavily praised by mainstream publications like Rolling Stone. The group's profile increased further with the 1988 Ciccone Youth side project The Whitey Album, which was a tongue-in-cheek tribute to Madonna and other parts of mainstream pop culture. The band's true breakthrough was the double album Daydream Nation. Released on Enigma Records, Daydream Nation was a tour de force that was hailed as a masterpiece upon its fall 1988 release, and it generated a college radio hit with "Teenage Riot." Though the album was widely praised, Enigma suffered from poor distribution and eventually bankruptcy, which meant the album occasionally wasn't in stores. These factors contributed heavily to the band's decision to move to the major label DGC in 1990.
Signing a contract that gave them complete creative control, as well as letting them function as pseudo-A&R reps for the label, Sonic Youth established a precedent for alternative bands moving to majors during the '90s, proving that it was possible to preserve indie credibility on a major label. Released in the fall of 1990, Goo, the band's first major-label album, boasted a more focused sound, yet it didn't abandon the group's noise aesthetics. The result was a college radio hit, and the group's first album to crack the Top 100. Neil Young invited Sonic Youth to open for him on his arena tour for Ragged Glory, and though they failed to win over much of the rocker's audience, it represented their first major incursion into the mainstream; it also helped make Young a cult figure within the alternative circles during the '90s.
For their second major-label album, Dirty, Sonic Youth attempted to replicate the sloppy, straightforward sound of grunge rockers Mudhoney and Nirvana. The band had been supporting those two Seattle-based groups for several years (and had released a split single with Mudhoney and brought Nirvana to DGC Records), and while the songs on Dirty were hardly grunge, it was more pop-oriented and accessible than earlier Sonic Youth records. Produced by Butch Vig, who also produced Nirvana's Nevermind, Dirty became an alternative hit upon its summer 1992 release, generating the modern rock hits "100%," "Youth Against Fascism," and "Sugar Kane." Sonic Youth quickly became hailed as one of the godfathers of the alternative rock that had become the most popular form of rock music in the U.S., and Dirty became a hit along with the exposure, eventually going gold.
Sonic Youth again worked with Vig for 1994's Experimental Jet Set, Trash and No Star, which entered the U.S. charts at number 34 and the U.K. charts at number ten, making it their highest-charting album ever. The high chart position was proof of their popularity during the previous two years, as it received decidedly mixed reviews and quickly fell down the charts. Later in 1994, Moore and Gordon -- who had married several years before -- had their first child, a daughter named Coco Haley. Sonic Youth agreed to headline 1995's American Lollapalooza package tour, using the earnings to build a new studio. Following the completion of the tour, Sonic Youth released Washing Machine, which received their strongest reviews since Daydream Nation. After a series of experimental EPs issued on their own SYR label, they resurfaced in 1998 with the full-length A Thousand Leaves. NYC Ghosts & Flowers, which featured Jim O'Rourke as a producer and musician, followed in the spring of 2000. O'Rourke became a full member of the group, touring with the band and appearing on and producing 2002's Murray Street.
The five-piece Sonic Youth returned in 2004 with Sonic Nurse; one year later, however, O'Rourke departed the band to pursue a career as a film director. Late in 2005, the remaining bandmates issued SYR 6, a recording of a benefit concert for the Anthology Film Archives that Sonic Youth had played alongside percussionist Tim Barnes. Rather Ripped, a fusion of the mellow, sprawling feel of the band's previous two albums with a more stripped-down sound, was released in 2006. In 2008, the band resurrected the SYR series: J'Accuse Ted Hughes arrived that spring as a vinyl-only release, while Andre Sider Af Sonic Youth chronicled an improvised performance at 2005's Roskilde Festival. They also assembled a compilation album for Starbucks, Hits Are for Squares, featuring the previously unreleased track "Slow Revolution." Before the busy year concluded, Sonic Youth made additional headlines by leaving the Geffen label and signing with Matador, which prepared to issue the band's 16h album, The Eternal, during the following spring. ~ Stephen Thomas Erlewine, All Music Guide